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Balkans --- Histoire --- 20e siecle

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Balkan Peninsula --- Balkans --- Social conditions --- Politics and government --- Description and travel --- Conditions sociales --- Politique et gouvernement --- Descriptions et voyages --- --Géographie politique --- --Balkan Peninsula --- Geografie --- Europa. --- Balkan Peninsula. --- Ethnic groups --- History --- Political geography --- Géographie politique

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Albanians --- History --- Balkan Peninsula --- Albania --- Foreign relations --- Politics and government --- Kosovo --- Balkans --- Albanie --- Politique et gouvernement --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement. --- Histoire. --- Albanians - Yugoslavia - History - 20th century --- Balkan Peninsula - Foreign relations - Albania --- Albania - Foreign relations - Balkan Peninsula --- Balkan Peninsula - Politics and government - 20th century --- Albania - History - 1878-1912 --- Albania - History - 1912-1944

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Economic history. --- Politics and government --- Roumanie --- Conditions čonomiques --- Přiodiques. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Since 1989 --- Romania --- Romania. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Heisei Period (Japan) --- Government of Romania --- Lo-ma-ni-ya --- R.N.R. --- R.P.R. --- R.P. Romînă --- R.S.R. --- Republica Populară Romînă --- Republica Socialistă România --- Rhowmenia --- RNR --- Román Szocialista Köztársaság --- Romāniyā --- Romanyah --- Roumania --- RP Romînă --- RPR --- RSR --- Rumania --- Rumänien --- Rumenyah --- Rumenye --- Rumunia --- Rumŭnii︠a︡ --- Rumunsko --- Rumynii︠a︡ --- Rumynskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- ルーマニア --- 루마니아 --- Румыния --- 羅馬尼亞 --- Luomaniya --- Economics --- Europe --- Moldavia --- Wallachia --- Romāniy --- RP Romîn --- R.P. Romîn --- Republica Populară Romîn --- Rumŭnii͡ --- Rumynii͡ --- Rumynskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Conditions économiques --- Périodiques. --- Balkans --- Black Sea --- Carpathian region --- Middle East --- R.P. Romînă --- Republica Populară Romînă --- Republica Socialistă România --- Román Szocialista Köztársaság --- Romāniyā --- RP Romînă --- Rumänien --- Rumŭnii︠a︡ --- Rumynii︠a︡ --- Rumynskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Royaume de Roumanie

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Cemal Kafadar offers a much more subtle and complex interpretation of the early Ottoman period than that provided by other historians. His careful analysis of medieval as well as modern historiography from the perspective of a cultural historian demonstrates how ethnic, tribal, linguistic, religious, and political affiliations were all at play in the struggle for power in Anatolia and the Balkans during the late Middle Ages. This highly original look at the rise of the Ottoman empire-the longest-lived political entity in human history-shows the transformation of a tiny frontier enterprise into a centralized imperial state that saw itself as both leader of the world's Muslims and heir to the Eastern Roman Empire.

HISTORY / Middle East / General. --- Turkey --- Ottoman Empire --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- History --- Historiography. --- Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 --- balkans. --- byzantine. --- christian. --- crusades. --- cultural historian. --- cultural history. --- ethnic. --- ethnicity. --- faith. --- gaza. --- historian. --- historiography. --- identity. --- imperial. --- international. --- linguistic. --- medieval. --- middle ages. --- muslim. --- ottoman empire. --- ottoman period. --- ottoman state. --- political. --- politics. --- religion. --- religious. --- roman empire. --- tribal. --- world history.